PSG has now secured the prestigious cup on fourteen different times.
The Parisian giants required a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to get past Marseille in the Gulf and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup victory.
The European champions appeared to be coasting towards a straightforward triumph in the showdown featuring the French league champions and the French Cup winners after the French winger opened the net early on.
However, Marseille fired twice in the closing moments to seize a shock advantage. Initially, the English forward converted from the spot-kick, before the defender inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable twist of fortune, the Portuguese striker snatched a vital leveler in the dying seconds to send the match into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then stood as the hero, saving crucial kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and Desire Doue all converted with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a 4-1 shootout victory.
Now 14-time winners Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now lifted this trophy for the twelfth time in the last thirteen years.